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Контрольное задание I
Вариант I
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий и сравнительные союзы:
1. The more you study special subjects the better specialist in the field of fire science you'll become.
2. The most suitable method of class "B" fires extinguishment is blanketing.
3. Water type extinguishers are as suitable for fire-
fighting as foam type extinguishers.
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, содержащие модальные глаголы. Подчеркните их.
1. Firemen can extinguish a fire with the help of first aid appliances when it is small.
2. In some limited circumstances chlorine may support combustion.
3. The inert gas should be free of oxygen when it is used in fire extinction.
4. In the extinguishment of a fire the burning substance has to be cooled below its ignition temperature.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения обращая внимание на особенности перевода причастия I и II.
1. Fire officers graduating from the Higher school can continue their studies in the post-graduate course.
2. Opening up a burning building a fireman must know for sure that some hose lines are ready to supply water.
3. The heat contained in the products of combustion should be sufficient to raise the temperature of the burning material to its ignition temperature.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения в страдательном залоге:
1. When the rate of combustion reaction is very slow only heat energy is evolved during this process.
2. The Moscow State University was established more than two centuries ago by M.V. Lomonosov.
3. This substance will be heated to its ignition point during the experiment.
V. Прочтите и устно переведите с 1 по 4 абзацы текста "The Basic Qualities Required for Entry to the Fire Service".
Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, и 4 абзацы.
VI. Просмотрите текст 2, ответьте письменно на вопросы к нему по-русски:
1. How can the combustion process be illustrated?
2. Enumerate all heat sources mentioned in the text.
The Basic Qualities Required for Entry to the Fire Service
Основные качества, необходимые для поступления в Пожарную Службу.
1. The fireman, on entering the service, must attend a three months' Recruits Training Course. Discipline standards are high to ensure that those who qualify
will respond to instructions in emergency situations with readiness and without questions.
The Combustion Process
The phenomenon known as fire or combustion can be defined as a rapidly occurring chemical reaction in which an element (oxygen) combines readily with a substance (fuel) to produce light in the form of visible flames and heat.
Conventionally, the combustion process can be illustrated with what we call the fire triangle. There are three components to this triangle: fuel, heat and oxygen.
If the heat applied to a substance is of sufficient intensity and duration, the substance will begin to go from one state to another: it begins to undergo the chemical reaction. Heat sources can range from an electric spark to an open flame. Heat can also be created by chemical reaction between some substances or by mechanical friction.
Контрольное задание №1
Вариант II
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий и сравнительные союзы:
1. The better extinguishing agent, the quicker can a fireman extinguish any fire.
2. Very often firemen use more than one method of fire extinguishment at the same time.
3. Foam is the best extinguishing agent for class "C" fires.
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, содержащие модальные глаголы. Подчеркните их.
1. Open flame may cause heat of great intensity.
2. Each fire brigade must be provided with hose lines.
3. A reduction of the atmospheric oxygen content can reduce combustion by about a third.
4. The following notes will have to be done for the professor of this department.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода причастия I и П.
1. Studying a problem Edison made numerous experiments.
2. Heat absorbed by a liquid causes the evaporation of the liquid.
3. The condition known as back draught is dangerous to firemen.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения в страдательном залоге:
1. New sensitive detectors manufactured by the research institute are recommended for the protection of the high - value equipment.
2. When a gas - air mixture was heated to its ignition point it was dangerous to firemen to enter the burning building without breathing apparatus.
3. All the windows will be opened to air the room.
V. Прочтите и устно переведите с 1 пo 4 абзацы текста "A Fireman's Fire Prevention Role". Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2 и 3 абзацы.
Text 1
A Firemans Fire Prevention Role
Роль пожарного в профилактике пожаров.
1. The fireman provides a great contribution to the fire prevention role of his brigade.
On his own or as a member of a crew he carries out routine inspections. Additionally he must recognize and report the presence of dangerous substances and unsafe structures.
2. His duty is to recommend how to make them safe. In order to do inspections, etc., he requires to have a good knowledge of legislation. When meeting members of the public, he must represent the fire authority and conduct himself with articulate courteousness and efficiency.
3. In addition to situation which comes under legislation he is also called upon to carry out goodwill inspections and provide advice to the public on request. When on duty the fireman will be able to test and maintain gear and equipment carried on appliances (including breathing apparatus). He will recognize faults and in many cases correct them. On his own or as a crew member he inspects and tests the hydrants in his station area and also certain fixed installations as part of the fire prevention measures in inspected buildings.
4. The fireman must regard his occupation as duty rather than work. The importance of his job demands that he views his daily work as a commitment. He must be prepared to remain on duty at incidents after the end of the shift as the occasion arises.
VI. Просмотрите текст 2 и ответьте письменно на вопросы к нему по-русски:
1. Enumerate by - products of combustion reaction.
2. In what case will there be little or no combustion reaction?
Text 2
What is Fire
Fire is a chemical reaction that occurs when the chemical structure of a fuel is broken by heat energy, in the presence of oxygen. The decomposition of the fuel by heat releases light and heat. This combustion reaction continues in a chain reaction until one of the components - fuel, heat or oxygen -is no longer sufficient to continue the reaction. Other byproducts of the chemical reaction are smoke (unburnt fuel and carbon), and new chemical compounds such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and water.
If any of the factors needed to produce fire - fuel, oxygen, heat are not in the proper ratio, there will be little or no combustion reaction.
Контрольное задание 2
Вариант I
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, содержащие инфинитив.
1. Ordinary combustible materials are to be extinguished by water in the form of jets or sprays.
2. A supply of fresh air entering the burning room causes the room to burst into flames.
3. To extinguish class "B" fires it is necessary to apply foam in the heart of a fire.
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, содержащие герундий.
1. The chain reaction releases a lot of radiation which must bе prevented from escaping into the atmosphere.
2. A steam engine is driven by introducing steam into cylinders.
3. The fireman displayed great skill in extinguishing the fire.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, принимая во внимание, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты и независимый причастный оборот соответствуют придаточным предложениям в русском языке.
1. Water is known to be the most effective extinguishing agent for fires of ordinary combustible materials.
2. We consider water to be one of the most incompressible substances.
3. Foam being electrically conductive, foam extinguishers should not be used on electrical fires.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая особое внимание на перевод cлов-заместителей (that, one, those, ones). Подчеркните эти слова там, где они несут на себе функцию замены.
1. This method is as efficient as the one used by that
fire brigade.
2. Class "A" fires occur more often than those of class "B".
3. This fire is more difficult to extinguish than the one on the second floor of that building.
V. Прочтите и устно переведите с 1 no 4 абзаца текcта "Fire Extinguishment Theory".
Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2 и 3 абзацы.
VI. Просмотрите текст 2 и ответьте письменно на вопросы к нему по-русски:
1. What did a guest in the ninth floor report hotel
operator?
2. Enumerate fire technique and appliances sent to the fire.
Text 1
Fire Extinguishment Theory
1. The extinguishment of fire is based on an interruption of one or more fire ingredients. With flaming combustion the fire may be extinguished by reducing temperature, eliminating fuel or oxygen, or by stopping the uninhibited chemical chain reaction. If a fire is in the smoldering phase of combustion, only three extinguishment options exist: reduction of temperature, elimination of fuel, or oxygen.
Text 2
Hotel Fire. Chicago
The world's largest hotel, the 2,600 - room Conrad Hilton in Chicago was the scene of a ninth - story fire that claimed the lives of two deaf - mutes and hospitalised 36 other people early on Sunday, January 25, 1970. The fire was discovered about 6:45 am, when a guest in the ninth floor called the hotel operator reporting smoke and heat in the corridor.
The telephone operator receiving other reports from guests called the fire Department at 6:50 am. The Chicago Fire Department responding to the telephoned alarm with a first attendance of three engine companies, two ladder companies, a special service squad snorkel rescue and a battalion chief, deployed around the building on planned procedure. At that time there was no exterior evidence of the extent of the fire.
Other crews that had entered by means of a stairway at the south end of the building were able, wearing breathing apparatus to work down the ninth floor corridor using a hose line from the standpipe system.
Контрольное задание 2
Вариант 2
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, содержащие инфинитив.
1. Easily oxidized materials are to be protected from any contact with fire.
2. Heat absorbed by a liquid causes the liquid to evaporate.
3. Some fire extinguishers utilize a gas pressurization cartridge to expel the water of a tank under air pressure.
П. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, содержащие герундий.
1. Upon reaching the injectors, the fuel is mixed with the oxidizer.
2. By applying this method the firemen managed to extinguish the fire without increasing the potential loss.
3. In solving the problem of reducing the oxygen content in a spacecraft cabin the Russian scientists have made the space flights less dangerous for cosmonauts.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, принимая во внимание, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты и независимый причастный оборот большей частью соответствуют придаточным предложениям в русском языке.
1. Water is certain to be a good conductor of electricity and if it is used as a jet on live electrical apparatus it will place the fireman in danger of electric shock.
2. It appears that when static electricity accumulates to the extent that a spark discharge may occur it may be a source of ignition.
3. Carbon dioxide extinguishers smother the fire, they being particularly effective in areas such as electrical enclosures or solvent tanks.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод слов-заместителей (that - those; one - ones ). Подчеркните эти слова там, где они выполняют функцию замены.
1. Ordinary combustible materials are those that contain carbon along with some hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
2. Chemical extinguishing agents must in part act as cooling, smothering or diluting ones.
3. Such a blanket is a temporary one because the gases tend to be dissipated by the convection currents.
V. Прочтите и устно переведите с 1 по 4 абзацы текста "Methods of Extinguishment". Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2 и 3 абзацы.
Text l. Methods of Extinguishment
1. Some extinguishing agents such as dry chemicals and halons, interrupt the flame producing chemical reaction, resulting in rapid extinguishment. This method of extinguishment is effective only on gas and liquid fuels as they cannot burn in the smoldering phase of combustion. If extinguishment of smoldering materials is desired, the addition of cooling capability is required.
2. Another method of extinguishment, especially valuable in the extinction of fires involving oils and other inflammable liquids is the application of foam. Foam is a frothy product so light that it will float on any liquid and form a blanket that excludes air and cuts off the flames from the burning surface. It may be applied from portable extinguishers, foam engines, foam-making branches or fixed installations.
As in all fire fighting, the development of a good technique of applying a foam blanket requires much training and practice.
High expansion foams are foam concentrates mixed into a 2 percent solution and then mixed with air to form high - air - content, good quality foams. High expansion foam is different from other foams since it is useful to fight fires in indoor structures and inaccessible places through a total flooding application.
3. Cooling is the most important method of extinction. The purpose is to reduce the temperature of the fire to below that necessary for combustion to continue. It is a matter of abstracting heat from the fire at a greater rate than it is generated, because as heat is removed the temperature of the fire is reduced and the rate at which heat is evolved is diminished. Thus, the fire is progressively cooled and, ultimately, extinguished.
4. Many extinguishing agents exercise a cooling effect to some extent, but water is so greatly superior to any other that when cooling is required no alternative needs be considered. Water may be applied from first - aid appliances or hose branchers, or automatically by sprinkler installations.
Text 2 High - Rise Building Fire.
On February 24, 1972 a fire in the 31 - story Andraus Building in Sao Paulo, Brazil, killed 16 people and injured 375 others.
The fire, which occurred in a reinforced - concrete department store and office building offers an unusual example of exterior fire spread in a high rise building. The fire developed on four floors of the department store and then spread externally up the side of the building, involving another 24 floors. Wind velocity and combustible interior finish were factors contributing to the fire spread.
A heliport provided refuge for 300 persons. Two hundred others were trapped in a stairway during the fire. Fire fighters rescued 100 persons from the stairway at the fifteenth story over ladders from an adjacent building. During a four - hour operation helicopters rescued 350 persons from the heliport. Others were led to safety down the stairs after the fire had been controlled.
VI. Просмотрите текст 2 и ответьте письменно на вопросы к нему по-русски:
1. What were the factors contributing to the fire spread?
2. Enumerate escape routes mentioned in the text.
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