см. Введение

Упражнение № 1. Переведите на русский язык следующие слова, обозначающее профессию или род занятий:

Упражнение № 2. Переведите на русский язык следующие слова (имена прилагательные) с суффиксами - ful, - ic, - al, - less.

Упражнение № З. Прочтите текст и переведите его устно на русский язык.

HOLIDAYS IN GREAT BRITAIN

There are fewer public holidays in Great Britain than in other European countries. They are: Christmas Day, Boxing Day, New Year's Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, May Day, Spring Bank Holiday. Public Holidays in Britain are called bank holidays, because the banks as well as most of the offices and shops are closed.

The most popular holiday is Christmas. Every year the people of Norway give the city of London a present. It's a big Christmas tree and it stands in Trafalgar Square. Central streets are beautifully decorated.

Before Christmas, groups of singers go from house to house. They collect money for charity, and sing carols, traditional Christmas songs. Many churches hold a carol service on the Sunday before Christmas.

The fun starts the night before, on the 24th of December. Traditionally this is the day when people decorate their trees. Children hang stockings at the end of their beds, hoping that Father Christmas will come down the chimney during the night and fill them with toys and sweets.

Christmas is a family holiday. Relatives usually meet for the big Christmas dinner of turkey and Christmas pudding. And everyone gives and receives presents. The 26th of December, Boxing Day, is an extra holiday after Christmas Day. This is the time to visit friends and relatives or perhaps sit at home and watch football.

New Year's Day is less popular in Britain than Christmas. But in Scotland, Hogmanay is the biggest festival of the year.

Besides public holidays there are some special festivals in Great Britain. One of them takes place on the 5th of November. On that day, in 1605, Guy Fawkes tried to blow up the House of Parliament and kill King James I. He didn't succeed. The King's men found the bomb, took Guy Fawkes to the Tower and cut off his head.

Since that day the British celebrate the 5th of November. They burn a dummy, made of straw and old clothes, on a bonfire and let off fireworks. This dummy is called a "guy" (like Guy Fawkes) and children can often be seen in the streets before the 5th of November saying, "Penny for the guy". If they collect enough money they can buy some fireworks.

There are also smaller, local festivals in Britain.

Упражнение №4. Выпишите из текста слова по теме "Праздники в Великобритании" и выучите их.

Christmas Day

Boxing Day

Bank Holiday

charity

carols

decorate

stockings

Father Christmas

chimney

turkey

Christmas pudding

Hogmanay

festival

dummy

fireworks

bonfire

Упражнение №5. Найдите русские эквиваленты английских слов и запишите их попарно.

Упражнение № 6. Дополните следующие предложения соответственно содержанию текста и переведите их на русский язык.

1. Public holidays in Britain are called bank holidays. Государственные

Упражнение № 7. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы по содержанию текста.

1. What is the most popular holiday in Britain?

Упражнение №8. Определите грамматическую функцию окончания "s". Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The fun starts the night before, on the 24th of December.

Упражнение № 9. Перепишите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.

1. Christmas is a family holiday.

Упражнение 10. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения. Переведите их на русский язык.

1. New Year's Day is less popular in Britain than Christmas.

Упражнение 11. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.

1. Besides public holidays there are some special festivals in Great Britain.

Упражнение № 12. Напишите по-английски следующие количественные и порядковые числительные.

25 декабря - the 25th of December,

Упражнение № 13. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо-временные формы глагола и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Relatives usually meet for the big Christmas dinner of turkey and Christmas pudding.

Контрольная работа №2

Вариант №3

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык имена существительные:

Упражнение 2. Дайте русские эквиваленты следующим интернациональным словам. Запишите их

Упражнение № 3. Прочтите и переведите текст устно и письменно.

"THE ACUTE PROBLEMS OF ECOLOGY"

Our ancestors considered the Earth's resources to be boundless and endless. We have no right to blame our ancestors for their ecological ignorance; they fought to live.

Even in the 19th century when the word "ecology" was born people continued to use nature as consumers, considering Man to be "lord and king" of nature and not the child.

In the 20th century with the rapid growth of science and technology human achievements in conquering nature became so great that man's economic activities began to produce and increasingly negative effect on the biosphere.

People's striving to reach an immediate objective, their consumer attitude to nature in disregard of natural laws break natural balance. According to the International Union for the Protection of Nature 76 species of animals and some hundred species of plants have disappeared from the planet in the course of the last 60 years. 132 mammal and 26 bird species face extinction not so much due to hunting as due to the pollution of the biosphere.

The destruction of nature gradually led to the loss of the most essential element of existance, a healthy biological habitat. Environmental pollution increases the cases of disease, raises the cost of medical services, reduces the life-span of a man. By now the pollution and poisoning of the soil, water and air have reached a critical level.

Environmental pollution has become a significant obstacle to economic growth. The discharge of dust and gas into the atmosphere returns to the Earth in the form of "acid rain" and affects crop, the quality of forests, the amount of fish. To this we can add the rise of chemicals, radioactivity, noise and other types of pollution.

Упражнение № 4. Выпишите из текста слова по теме "Важные проблемы экологии" и выучите их.

biosphere

consumer attitude to nature

species

disappeared

mammal

extinction

pollution

habitat

life-span of a man

pollution

environmental

Упражнение № 5. Дополните предложения соответственно содержанию текста, переведите их на русский язык.

1. Our ancestors considered the Earth's resources to be to be boundless and endless.

1. What did our ancestors consider the Earth's resources to be?

Упражнение № 7. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. People must protect nature.

Упражнение № 8. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в них глагол-сказуемое. Определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The word "ecology" was born in the 19th century.

Упражнение №9. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I and Participle II и установите функции каждого из них. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The organization protecting nature is called "Green peace".

Упражнение № 10. Раскройте скобки в следующих предложениях; поставьте нужную временную форму глагола и залог; переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The Red Book contains a great amount of extincting species.

Упражнение № 11. Выберите по смыслу подходящий союз или союзное слово и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. I will go to the country if the weather is fine.

Упражнение № 12. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в них Герундий (Gerund). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The car needs repairing.

Контрольная работа №3 Вариант 3

Упражнение № 1. Переведите на русский язык слова со следующими префиксами: un, re, pre, post.

Упражнение № 2. Переведите на русский язык следующие глаголы с суффиксами - ize, en.

Упражнение № 3. Прочтите текст и переведите его на русский язык письменно.

THE THREE QUESTIONS OF ECONOMICS

Because every country in the world is faced with limited resources, every country must answer three questions: 1) What shall we produce? 2) How will these goods be produced? 3) For whom will the goods be produced?

What shall we produce? In the United States of America most of the production is connected with consumer goods. Almost 4 per cent goes toward military goods. In the former Soviet Union a lot of production was devoted to armaments. Japan, for example, has concentrated on building up its plant and equipment but devotes just one percent of its production to military goods.

Who makes these decisions? In the United States and Japan, there is no central planning authority, but there are many corporate and government officials, individual consumers and taxpayers. The Soviet people did have a central planning authority. In fact, every five years the Soviet government used to come up with a new plan that sets goals for its economy in numbers of cars, TVs, factories, and a lot of wheat and corn to be produced.

How will these goods be produced? In America and in most other countries nearly everything is produced by private business. Not only all the goods and services that consumers purchase are produced by business but most goods the government buys are also made by business. For example, when the American astronauts landed on the moon, a long list of contractors and subcontractors was released.

In socialist countries, of course, the government was the main producer of goods and services.

For whom will the goods be produced? The American distribution system is a modified version of one dollar. In general, the more money you have, the more you can buy. Theoretically, the American government spends some of the tax dollars to produce various government goods and services, and gives the rest to the old, the sick, and the poor.

Упражнение № 4. Найдите русские эквиваленты приведенным английским словам и запишите их попарно.

Упражнение № 5. Дополните следующие предложения соответственно содержанию текста.

1. Every country must answer three questions of economics.

Упражнение № 6. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы по тексту.

1. What is every country in the world faced with?

Упражнение № 7. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в них глагол-сказуемое, определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

1. Producers have been informed of changes.

Упражнение № 8. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод слов it, that. one.

1. One should consider the cost of the product.

Упражнение № 9. Перепишите предложения, переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do.

1. The government is to produce these goods and services.

Упражнение № 10. Перепишите предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.

1. То determine which price is best is necessary.

Упражнение № 11. Перепишите предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.

1. The producer we met yesterday is my partner.

нет

Примечаний нет.